| | 1 | Name: | Dr. Lawrence D. Bobo | | | Institution: | Harvard University | | | Year Elected: | 2008 | | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 301. Anthropology, Demography, Psychology, and Sociology | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1958 | | | | | | |
Lawrence D. Bobo is the W. E. B. Du Bois Professor of the Social Sciences at Harvard University. He holds appointments in the Department of Sociology and the Department of African and African American Studies. His research focuses on the intersection of social inequality, politics, and race. Professor Bobo is an elected member of the National Academy of Science as well as a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He is a Guggenheim Fellow, an Alphonse M. Fletcher Sr. Fellow, a Fellow of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, and a Russell Sage Foundation Visiting Scholar. He has received research grants from the National Science Foundation, the Russell Sage Foundation, the Ford Foundation, and the Spencer Foundation. He has held tenured appointments in the sociology departments at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, the University of California, Los Angeles, and at Stanford University where he was Director of the Center for Comparative Studies in Race and Ethnicity. His research has appeared in the American Sociological Review, the American Journal of Sociology, Social Forces, the American Political Science Review, the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Social Psychology Quarterly, and Public Opinion Quarterly. He is a founding editor of the Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race published by Cambridge University Press. He is co-author of the award winning book Racial Attitudes in America: Trends and Interpretations (Harvard University Press, 1997, with H. Schuman, C. Steeh, and M. Krysan) and senior editor of Prismatic Metropolis: Inequality in Los Angeles (Russell Sage Foundation, 2000, with M. L. Oliver, J. H. Johnson, and A. Valenzuela). His most recent book Prejudice in Politics: Group Position, Public Opinion, and the Wisconsin Treaty Rights Dispute (Harvard University Press, 2006, with M. Tuan) was a finalist for 2007 C. Wright Mills Award. He is currently working on the "Race, Crime, and Public Opinion" project. Lawrence D. Bobo was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2008. | |
| 2 | Name: | Dr. James J. Heckman | | | Institution: | University of Chicago | | | Year Elected: | 2008 | | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 302. Economics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1944 | | | | | | |
James J. Heckman shared the 2000 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. He is the Henry Schultz Distinguished Service Professor of Economics at the University of Chicago, where he has served since 1973. He directs the Economics Research Center and the Center for Social Program Evaluation at the Harris School for Public Policy. In addition, he is the Professor of Science and Society at University College Dublin and a Senior Research Fellow at the American Bar Foundation. Dr. Heckman received his B.A. in mathematics from Colorado College in 1965 and his Ph.D. in economics from Princeton University in 1971. His work has been devoted to the development of a scientific basis for economic policy evaluation, with special emphasis on models of individuals and disaggregated groups, and to the problems and possibilities created by heterogeneity, diversity, and unobserved counterfactual states. He developed a body of new econometric tools that address these issues. His research has given policymakers important new insights into areas such as education, job-training, the importance of accounting for general equilibrium in the analysis of labor markets, anti-discrimination law, and civil rights. He demonstrated a strong causal effect of the 1964 Civil Rights Act in promoting African-American economic progress, contrary to views of the "Chicago School" that claimed that market forces alone would erode discrimination. He has recently demonstrated that the high school dropout rate is increasing in the United States. Heckman has studied the economic benefits of sorting in the labor market, the ineffectiveness of active labor market programs, and the economic returns to education. His recent research focuses on inequality, human development and lifecycle skill formation, with a special emphasis on the economics of early childhood. He is currently conducting new social experiments on early childhood interventions and reanalyzing old experiments. He is also studying the emergence of the underclass in the United States and Western Europe. Heckman has published over 250 articles and several books. His most recent books include (with Alan Krueger) Inequality in America: What Role for Human Capital Policy? and (with C. Pages) Evaluating Human Capital Policy, and Law and Employment: Lessons from Latin America and the Caribbean. He is currently finishing a book on the problem of noncognitive skills in America. Heckman has received numerous awards for his work, including the John Bates Clark Award of the American Economic Association in 1983, the 2005 and 2007 Dennis Aigner Award for Applied Econometrics from the Journal of Econometrics, the 2007 Theodore W. Schultz Award from the American Agricultural Economics Association, the 2005 Jacob Mincer Award for Lifetime Achievement in Labor Economics, the 2005 Ulysses Medal from the University College Dublin, and the Spirit of Erikson Institute Award in 2014. He is currently associate editor of the Journal of Labor Economics and the Journal of Applied Econometrics. Heckman was awarded the distinction of fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2009. He is also a member of the National Academy of Sciences; the American Academy of Arts & Sciences; the Econometric Society; the Society of Labor Economics; the American Statistical Association; and the International Statistical Institute. James Heckman was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2008. In 2015 he was awarded the Madison Medal of Princeton University. | |
| 3 | Name: | Dr. James L. McClelland | | | Institution: | Stanford University | | | Year Elected: | 2008 | | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 305 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1948 | | | | | | |
James L. (Jay) McClelland received his Ph.D. in cognitive psychology from the University of Pennsylvania in 1975. He served on the faculty of the University of California, San Diego, before moving to Carnegie Mellon University in 1984, where he became a University Professor and held the Walter Van Dyke Bingham Chair in Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience. He was a founding co-director of the Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, a joint project of Carnegie Mellon and the University of Pittsburgh. In 2006 he moved to Stanford University, where he is now Lucie Stern Professor in the Social Sciences, Chair of the Department of Psychology, and the founding director of the Center for Mind, Brain and Computation. Over his career, McClelland has contributed to both the experimental and theoretical literatures in a number of areas, most notably in the application of connectionist/ parallel distributed processing/ neural network models to problems in perception, cognitive development, language learning, and the neurobiology of memory. Together with David E. Rumelhart he led the group that produced, in 1986, the two volume book Parallel Distributed Processing, laying out a neurally inspired framework for cognitive modeling and applying it to a wide range of topics in cognitive psychology and cognitive neuroscience. McClelland and Rumelhart jointly received the 1993 Howard Crosby Warren Medal from the Society of Experimental Psychologists, the 1996 Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award from the American Psychological Association, the 2001 Garwemeyer Prize in Psychology, and the 2002 IEEE Neural Networks Pioneer Award for their pioneering work in this area. In 2014, he shared the NAS Prize in Psychological and Cognitive Sciences with Elizabeth Shilin Spelke. McClelland has served as senior editor of Cognitive Science, as president of the Cognitive Science Society, and as a member of the National Advisory Mental Health Council. He is currently president-elect of the Federation of the Psychological, Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, and he has received the APS William James Fellow Award for lifetime contributions to the basic science of psychology. McClelland currently teaches cognitive neuroscience and conducts research on learning, memory, conceptual development, spoken language, decision making, and semantic cognition. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2008. | |
| 4 | Name: | Dr. Susan Naquin | | | Institution: | Princeton University | | | Year Elected: | 2008 | | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 303. History Since 1715 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
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| | | Birth Date: | 1944 | | | | | | |
Susan Naquin is Professor of History and Professor of East Asian Studies at Princeton University. She received her Ph.D. from Yale University in 1974 and taught at the University of Pennsylvania from 1976-93. She was a Guggenheim Fellow from 1991-92 and has served on the editorial boards of Modern China and Asia Major. The breadth of Susan Naquin's scholarship and her ability to ask new and brilliantly perceptive questions about five centuries of Chinese history make her one of the most distinguished historians of East Asian history and culture at the present time. Peking: Temples and City Life carefully excavates the city's varied public arenas, its human engagements and rich cultural imprint. Her writing splendidly evokes a complex past and the radical transformation of a glittering city. Her understanding of religious organizations, their sites, and beliefs combines a knowledge of artifacts and space with a deep understanding of words, texts, and ritual. An active member of the history department and the East Asian Studies department, she is both an engaged scholar and an energetic teacher of both undergraduates and graduate students. She was a distinguished chair of East Asian Studies between 2001 and 2005 and directs the Chinese Rare Books Project at Princeton. She is frequently asked to lecture in China, in the United States and in Western Europe. Her other publications include Millenarian Rebellion in China: The Eight Trigrams Uprising of 1813 (1976); Shantung Rebellion: The Wang Lun Uprising of 1774 (1981); and (with E. Rawski) Chinese Society in the Eighteenth Century (1987). Susan Naquin was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2008. | |
| 5 | Name: | Dr. Ian Shapiro | | | Institution: | Yale University | | | Year Elected: | 2008 | | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 304. Jurisprudence and Political Science | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
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| | | Birth Date: | 1956 | | | | | | |
Ian Shapiro is Sterling Professor of Political Science at Yale University, where he also serves as Henry R. Luce Director of the MacMillan Center for International and Area Studies. He has written widely and influentially on democracy, justice, and the methods of social inquiry. A native of South Africa, he received his J.D. from the Yale Law School and his Ph.D from the Yale Political Science Department where he has taught since 1984 and served as chair from 1999 to 2004. Shapiro is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and a past fellow of the Carnegie Corporation, the Guggenheim Foundation, and the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences. He has held visiting appointments at the University of Cape Town and Nuffield College, Oxford. His most recent books are The Flight From Reality in the Human Sciences, and Death by a Thousand Cuts: The Fight Over Taxing Inherited Wealth (with Michael Graetz) and Containment: Rebuilding a Strategy against Global Terror. Ian Shapiro was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2008. He will step down from his role as Henry R. Luce Director on June 30, 2019 after 15 years of service. | |
| 6 | Name: | Dr. Claude M. Steele | | | Institution: | Stanford University | | | Year Elected: | 2008 | | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 305 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1946 | | | | | | |
Claude Steele is currently Lucie Stern Professor in the Social Sciences, Emeritus, at Stanford University. He received his Ph.D. from The Ohio State University in 1971 and taught at the University of Utah, the University of Washington and the University of Michigan, before arriving at Stanford. As a member of the faculty at Stanford University from 1991 to 2009, he held appointments as the Lucie Stern Professor of the Social Sciences, director of the Center for Comparative Studies in Race and Ethnicity, and director of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences. He left Stanford to serve as Provost at Columbia University from 2009-11, where he also taught psychology. Upon returning to Stanford, he assumed the role of I. James Quillen Dean of the School of Education, which he left in 2014 to move to Berkeley. From 2014-2017, he served as the Executive Vice Chancellor and Provost at the University of California, Berkeley, and was also a professor in the Department of Psychology and the Graduate School of Education.
Claude Steele is distinguished for his discovery and exploration of a psychological phenomenon known as "stereotype threat". He found that people's mere act of identifying their membership within a stereotyped group degrades their performance in related tests, e.g. members of a minority such as African Americans, aware of a societal stereotype regarding their poor academic performance, score less well when the test conditions prime them to think about their membership in the minority than when they do not. Women likewise do not perform as well on mathematical ability tests when the test conditions make their gender salient. Facing a challenge, the mere threat of conforming to a negative stereotype impairs performance. Steele and colleagues have shown that this dramatic and socially significant effect is quite robust, even if test takers are unaware of its influence. His book Whistling Vivaldi, and Other Clues to How Stereotypes Affect Us (2010) addresses these themes. Additionally, Steele has made major contributions to the understanding of addictive behaviors and the way people cope with threats to their self-image. Claude Steele is a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences (1996) and the National Academy of Sciences (2003). He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2008. | |
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